To pollution victims, however, this system’s inadequacy was that it obscured the responsibility of corporations that caused pollution in their respective locales. Once connected, air pollution levels are reported instantaneously and in real-time on our maps 2011年7月22日2:39 PM. The reason for this is that although air pollution-causing SOx and particulates from factories had been alleviated to an extent, there is increasingly heavy air pollution from the NOx, particulates, and other pollutants in the exhaust gases of motor vehicles, and especially diesels, which increased exponentially. The GAIA air quality monitoring stations are using high-tech laser particle sensors to measure in real-time PM2.5 pollution, which is one of the most harmful air pollutants. The initiative of the Nishiyodogawa Association for Pollution Patients and Their Families is a pioneering effort among these community development activities. In 1972 the so-called Absolute Liability Law was enacted.

Coal, wood and gas became the primary fuels that drove Japan to become one of the most … Scientific uncertainty is an ever-present problem in the management of pollution control issues. 2.1 Historical Review of Air pollution around the world ( 153 kB ) 2.2 Historical Review of Air pollution in Japan ( 608 kB ) From 1977 through 1983 air pollution lawsuits were filed by certified pollution victims in Chiba, Osaka’s Nishiyodogawa, Kawasaki, Kurashiki’s Mizushima, and other places. acidic precipitation). Since the end of World War II, Japan has strongly upgraded the industrial infrastructure and developed heavy-industrialization since about the 25th year of the Showa period. Then there were the influential citizens, landowners, and shopkeepers of the area, who petitioned to the local government and relevant bodies even when damage was indistinct, or when they could not tell which factories were to blame. Funds were collected from businesses all over the country in amounts proportionate to their pollutant emissions. However, it didn’t recognized the causality between air pollution from motor vehicle running on the roads and health damage. The extent was such that Osaka was known as the“Smoke Capital”. The first occurred in 1912, and the other three occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. In the Taisho period (1912-1925) pollution and environmental damage became chronic, and from among professionals, students, lawyers, government administrators, businessmen, and other groups there were people who started pollution opposition movements, which in 1932 led to the enactment of Japan’s first statutory controls on particulates by Osaka Prefecture. The Tokyo Air Pollution Lawsuit, filed in 1996, claimed that liability for “road pollution” lies with the defendants: the national government, Metropolitan Tokyo, and the expressway public corporation, plus automakers. It was said that in badly polluted areas the air pollution sometimes limited visibility to 50 meters, and such pollution caused serious respiratory ailments in many people. The GAIA air quality monitoring stations are using high-tech laser particle sensors to measure in real-time PM2.5 pollution, which is one of the most harmful air pollutants. Japan will face new challenges in air pollution control in the 21st century. U.S. Military Responsible for Widespread PFAS Pollution in Japan A new book by Jon Mitchell exposes “countless” releases of PFAS chemicals by the U.S. military in Japan. An example would be the Yokkaichi Air Pollution Lawsuit, filed in 1969, which was one of the Four Great Pollution Lawsuits. In December 1960 the government announced its plan to double the national income, which called for doubling the gross national product over the span of a decade, by 1970. Air pollution Water pollution Soil contamination Seven typical pollutions NiNoise Vib tiVibration GdbidGround subsidence Off i dOffensive odors History -Before 2nd World War - 3 1880s First pollution problem Ashio copper mine pp in Japan 1920s FtFactory Dam Landslide, muddy water 1930s Smoke, waste liquid Coal industry Urban problem However, notwithstanding the opposition from many people including victims and the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, the Environment Agency revised the Health Compensation Law and in March 1988, pursuant to the revision, totally canceled polluted area designations and stopped certifying new patients. Polluted area designations had been canceled pursuant to the view that because the air pollution situation had improved overall, there would be no new pollution victims, but this actually meant there would be no redress for people developing symptoms after cancellation. The History of Japan’s Air Pollution The Birth of Smoke Capital Mass production in mechanized factories began under Japanese government policy with the Meiji Restoration in 1868, and pollution became a social issue as time passed. In August 1992, they reached a reconciliation with companies. Air pollution in Japan becomes problematic on cold, clear still nights.

The History of Japan’s Air Pollution The Birth of Smoke Capital Mass production in mechanized factories began under Japanese government policy with the Meiji Restoration in 1868, and pollution became a social issue as time passed. States began passing legislation to reduce air pollution. Many of the victims suffered attacks more horrible than death, and were forced to give up school and work. On the one hand, this served to inform people who until that time had been unaware they were pollution victims that they were living in designated pollution areas and that their health had been damaged by air pollution and to expand the movements by victims and their supporters all around the country.

Although this achieved a GNP increase 1.7 times that of the plan, it resulted in environmental devastation, as well as frequent, grave pollution in the industrial zone. Under the plan, Japan would link its four major industrial zones into a single industrial belt (the Pacific Industrial Belt Concept), thereby pursuing industrialization efficiently. People who have lived in these neighborhoods many years while suffering from illnesses add to these ideas their feelings of attachment to the neighborhoods, and the hope that the children of the next generation will be healthy. Japan began tackling its pollution problem back in the 1970s when particulate matter levels in the air (PM2.5) reached dangerously high levels around all the major cities. Since the cancellation of designations, a total of 12 local governments including Tokyo and Osaka City have established their own systems to help pay medical care expenses, and the number of people qualifying under these programs is over 73,000, which is nearly the number of people certified under the Health Compensation Law at the end of March 1996. Payments of medical care expenses alone were not enough to remedy the pathetic state of pollution victims’ health damage and the concomitant livelihood distress, and it was medical care professionals in particular who knew this better than anyone else because they had direct contact with the victims. The idea was to demonstrate in court who is responsible for health damage, and thereby require the parties deemed liable to take responsibility for pollution control measures and compensating pollution victims’ health damage. Japan Air Quality Index (AQI). These and other activities led to the Pollution-Related Health Damage Compensation Program, health recovery programs, pollution control measures, and other national and local government initiatives. These support groups held study sessions and advising seminars on the mechanisms by which pollution arises and the legal/social institutions relating to pollution victims, while at the same time they held informal meetings with local governments, submitted written requests, and conducted other activities. Plaintiffs include uncertified pollution victims. Under this law, people who caused pollution couldn’t neglect their responsibility, whether intentionally or accidentally, and defined Polluters Pay Principle (PPP). Very easy to set up, they only require a WIFI access point and a USB power supply.

Current status ... (Establishment History) •Due to the recent remarkable growth etc. As such, much of that air pollution gets blown east from northeastern China over the Korean Peninsula and Japan, and sometimes you get really bad air in Japan, especially when the dust storms that start in the Gobi Desert get blown eastwards and turn the skies of Japan into a tan-color haze like the old Stage II alert smog that used to plague Los Angeles up until the early 1990’s. Besides, it started to examine the institution to compensate for the damage including the civil responsibility. As local support groups around the country were not about to allow regression in pollution control, they took action in response to this corporate demand in order to demonstrate corporate responsibility. Under this law the government began paying medical care benefits to residents of these areas who had been certified with pollution-induced health damage. Japan’s industry suffered a huge blow due to war damage and defeat, but the 1951 Korean War spurred quick reconstruction so that by the mid-1950s people were again calling attention to the pollution problem. The history of pollution in Japan goes back to the beginning of the Meiji Period. The Law on Special Measures Concerning Redress for Pollution-Related Health Damage, enacted in 1969, designated part of Yokkaichi City, Nishiyodogawa Ward of Osaka City, part of Kawasaki City, and other places as polluted areas. Scientists started investigating the link between air pollution and health. Very easy to set up, they only require a WIFI access point and a USB power supply. The most evident problem was air Once connected, air pollution levels are reported instantaneously and in real-time on our maps Under this law, people certified as suffering from pollution-induced illnesses could receive not only medical costs but also livelihood assistance. In March 1995 plaintiffs reached a compromise agreement with the companies in the Nishiyodogawa Pollution Lawsuit, and in September 1996 part of the monetary settlement was used to establish a foundation called the Center for the Redevelopment of Pollution-damaged Areas in Japan (Aozora Foundation), whose job is to actualize redevelopment plans. In July 1998 another compromise was reached with the national government and Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation under which, in exchange for dropping demands by the plaintiffs for payment of damages, the parties will cooperate in improving street environments in the Nishiyodogawa area and in redeveloping the area.