Drinking is the act of ingesting water or other liquids into the body through the mouth, proboscis, or elsewhere. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, 1996.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Humans drink by swallowing, completed by peristalsis in the esophagus. [8] In savannas, the drinking method of giraffes has been a source of speculation for its apparent defiance of gravity; the most recent theory contemplates the animal's long neck functions like a plunger pump. [1], Amphibians and aquatic animals which live in freshwater do not need to drink: they absorb water steadily through the skin by osmosis. Water is required for many physiological processes. [12] Other sources, however, claim that a high intake of fresh drinking water, separate and distinct from other sources of moisture, is necessary for good health – eight servings per day of eight fluid ounces (1.8 liters, or 0.5 gallon) is the amount recommended by many nutritionists,[13] although there is no scientific evidence supporting this recommendation.

Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk.

Routine inspection and, where required, enforcement is enacted by means of penalties imposed by the European Commission on non-compliant nations. Many countries not only specify parametric values that may have health impacts but also specify parametric values for a range of constituents that by themselves are unlikely to have any impact on health. [7] Cats drink at a significantly slower pace than ruminants, who face greater natural predation hazards.

[2] In cold and frozen environments, some animals like hares, tree squirrels, and bighorn sheep resort to consuming snow and icicles. [14][15], The term “drinking” is often used metonymically for the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Over 286 million Americans get their tap water from a community water system. [11], Quality parameters set for drinking water, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition; World Health Organization; 2011. Other uses include washing, toilets, and irrigation. La Safe Drinking Water Act ( SDWA, littéralement « Loi sur la sécurité de l'eau potable ») est un loi du gouvernement fédéral des États-Unis qui vise à procurer de l' eau potable de bonne qualité à la population américaine,,. Building more wells in adequate places is thus a possible way to produce more water, assuming the aquifers can supply an adequate flow.

'Water treatment' involves filtering the water through sand beds and then adding a chemical to kill any remaining organisms. [5] Two exceptions are the European Drinking Water Directive and the Safe Drinking Water Act in the United States, which require legal compliance with specific standards. Amend. An exception is the common pigeon which can suck in water directly by inhalation. Water may be unacceptable if it has high levels of toxins or suspended solids. [4] When conditions impel them to drink from bodies of water, the methods and motions differ greatly among species. Joseph Cotruvo, Victor Kimm, Arden Calvert. Most animals drink water to maintain bodily hydration, although many can survive on the water gained from their food. Greywater (wastewater) may be used for toilets or irrigation. Some standards give complex, detailed requirements for the statistical treatment of results, temporal and seasonal variations, summation of related parameters, and mathematical treatment of apparently aberrant results. Drinking water quality standards describes the quality parameters set for drinking water. [1] Even where standards do exist, and are applied, the permitted concentration of individual constituents may vary by as much as ten times from one set of standards to another. The physiological processes of drinking vary widely among other animals. Although drinking water standards frequently are referred to as if they are simple lists of parametric values, standards documents also specify the sampling location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation AQC. Drinking water has been distilled from sea water since at least about AD 200, when the process was clearly described by Alexander of Aphrodisias. The following parametric standards are included in the Drinking Water Directive and are expected to be enforced by appropriate legislation in every country in the European Union. Alcohol abuse and the addiction of alcoholism are common maladies in developed countries worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ) include the following recommended limits on naturally occurring constituents that may have direct adverse health impact: The following table provides a comparison of a selection of parameters for concentrations listed by WHO, the European Union, EPA, and Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. " In 2016, over 90 percent of the nation's community water systems were in compliance with all published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. [16] Evidence of fermented drinks in human culture goes back as early as the Neolithic Period,[17] and the first pictorial evidence can be found in Egypt around 4,000 BC. The amount of drinking water needed for good health varies. Jump to navigation Jump to search. ** TT (treatment technique).

Simple parametric values are reproduced here, but in many cases the original directive also provides caveats and notes about many of the values given. Health Act Safe Drinking Water Regulation BC Reg 230/92, [8], In the United States, the federal legislation controlling drinking water quality is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) which is implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), mainly through state or territorial health agencies.[9][10]. [2], Most birds scoop or draw water into the buccal areas of their bills, raising and tilting their heads back to drink. Overhydration sometimes occurs among athletes and outdoor laborers, but it can also be a sign of disease or damage to the hypothalamus. Quality … From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drinking_water&oldid=6737858, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Infants employ a method of suction wherein the lips are pressed tight around a source, as in breastfeeding: a combination of breath and tongue movement creates a vacuum which draws in liquid. [10] Some desert insects have evolved to drink substantially from nighttime fog.[10]. An overconsumption of water can lead to water intoxication, which can dangerously dilute the concentration of salts in the body. When a liquid enters a human mouth, the swallowing process is completed by peristalsis which delivers the liquid through the esophagus to the stomach; much of the activity is abetted by gravity. [2], Most insects obtain adequate water from their food: When dehydrated from a lack of moist food, however, many species will drink from standing water. μg/l -> Micro grams per litre or 0.001 ppm, mg/L -> 1 ppm or 1000 μg/l From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Drinking water quality in the United States is generally safe.

[2] Cats and canines lap up water with the tongue in a spoon-like shape. Health Canada (2006).

It may also contain chemicals that might cause illness. It is often accompanied by polyuria and may itself be a symptom of Diabetes mellitus or Diabetes insipidus. Ministers

In Europe, this includes a requirement for member states to enact appropriate local legislation to mandate the directive in each country. * Action level; not a concentration standard. Water in rivers, stream, lakes and underground may contain organisms that cause disease. [2], Cats, canines, and ruminants all lower the neck and lap in water with their powerful tongues. [10] Additionally, all terrestrial insects constantly absorb a certain amount of the air's humidity through their cuticles. The physiological processes of drinking vary widely among other animals.

The USDA recommends a daily intake of total water: not necessarily by drinking but by consumption of water contained in other beverages and foods. Many developed countries specify standards to be applied in their own country. [11], A daily intake of water is required for the normal physiological functioning of the human body. [2], Many desert animals do not drink even if water becomes available, but rely on eating succulent plants.

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tap water is drinking water supplied through indoor plumbing for home use Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation. 1 gallon) per day for an adult male, and 2.7 liters (appx. [3], By necessity, terrestrial animals in captivity become accustomed to drinking water, but most free-roaming animals stay hydrated through the fluids and moisture in fresh food. Methods used in the management of dehydration include assisted drinking or oral rehydration therapy. [11] States and territories must implement rules that are at least as stringent as EPA's to retain primary enforcement authority (primacy) over drinking water. It may also be a count such as 500 E. coli per litre or a statistical value such as the average concentration of copper is 2 mg/l. This is an apparent difference of nearly threefold. Many states also apply their own state-specific standards, which may be more rigorous or include additional parameters. This page was last changed on 3 December 2019, at 19:01. [2] For those who work in a hot climate, up to 16 litres a day may be required. 30 mg/l of Iron. [18], Alcohol consumption has developed into a variety of well-established drinking cultures around the world. Both excessive and inadequate water intake are associated with health problems. [19] A high rate of consumption can also lead to cirrhosis, gastritis, gout, pancreatitis, hypertension, various forms of cancer, and numerous other illnesses. For example, nitrite may be measured as nitrite ion or expressed as N. A standard of "Nitrite as N" set at 1.4 mg/l equals a nitrite ion concentration of 4.6 mg/l.

[7] These guidelines provide contaminant limits (pathogen, aesthetic, organic, inorganic, and radiological) as well as guidance on applying limits for the management of drinking water in Australian drinking water treatment and distribution. The liquid may be poured from the hands or drinkware may be used as vessels.

In Europe, this includes the European Drinking Water Directive[2] and in the United States the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes standards as required by the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Other water sources include rainwater collection. Despite the truth that every human on this planet needs drinking water to survive and that water may contain many harmful constituents, there are no universally recognized and accepted international standards for drinking water. Lack of hydration causes thirst, a desire to drink which is regulated by the hypothalamus in response to subtle changes in the body's electrolyte levels and blood volume.

Where drinking water quality standards do exist, most are expressed as guidelines or targets rather than requirements, and very few water standards have any legal basis or, are subject to enforcement. Most cultures throughout history have incorporated some number of the wide variety of "strong drinks" into their meals, celebrations, ceremonies, toasts and other occasions.

0.75 gallon) for an adult female. Water in rivers, stream, lakes and underground may contain organisms that cause disease. Drinking water is often collected at springs, extracted from artificial borings (wells) in the ground, or pumped from lakes and rivers. EPA has set standards for over 90 contaminants organized into six groups: microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides.